Sir Henry Wood(1869–1944)
Sir Henry Joseph Wood, CH, founder-conductor of the Proms
The Oxford Street-born conductor whose 1895 inauguration of the Promenade Concerts at the Queen's Hall, Langham Place, founded the longest-running annual classical music festival in the world, conducted continuously since (today as the BBC Proms, the largest classical music festival on earth).
Henry Joseph Wood was born at 16 Oxford Street in central London on the third of March 1869, only child of Henry Joseph Wood the senior, a small London optician and amateur cellist, and Martha Morris, an amateur singer. He was raised in the small Oxford Street optician's shop above which the family lived, was tutored at home in music by his mother and at the Royal Academy of Music keyboard department, played the organ at the St Mary the Virgin parish church in Aldermanbury from twelve, and entered the Royal Academy of Music in 1886 in his seventeenth year on the strength of his organ-playing. He took the organ scholarship, learned conducting under Ebenezer Prout, and through 1887 to 1889 acted as répétiteur at the Royal English Opera House (the new Carl Rosa company's London base).
He conducted his first London opera season (a small touring Italian-opera company) in 1890 in his twenty-second year, took up the conducting-and-répétiteur work at the Olympic Opera House and the Crystal Palace concerts through the early 1890s, and across 1894 was brought to the attention of the entrepreneur and concert promoter Robert Newman, the manager of the new Queen's Hall in Langham Place that had opened in 1893 as central London's principal mid-size concert venue. Newman proposed to Wood in February 1895 the project of a daily summer-evening promenade-concert series at the Queen's Hall on the model of the Continental promenade concert (the long-established Continental tradition of standing-audience summer evening symphony concerts at popular prices). Wood accepted.
The first Promenade Concert was held at the Queen's Hall on the evening of Saturday the tenth of August 1895 under Wood's direction. The series ran nightly for the next ten weeks at twopence the standing-promenade ticket, programmed Wood's mix of standard symphonic-and-overture repertoire alongside the operatic-aria-and-arrangement programmes that Newman's commercial calculation required for the promenade audience, and was an immediate financial-and-popular success. Wood ran the Proms for the next fifty consecutive summer seasons (1895 to 1944, the longest single conducting tenure of any classical-music festival in history), conducted across that period roughly five thousand individual Prom performances, and built the festival into the central single summer institution of English classical music.
He used the Proms platform to introduce British audiences to the central body of late-Romantic and early-modernist European symphonic music. He conducted the first English performances of Mahler, Sibelius, Strauss, Schoenberg, Ravel, Debussy, Bartók, Janáček, Vaughan Williams, Elgar (the 1899 Variations on an Original Theme premiere of the Enigma at the Queen's Hall under Wood's direction), Delius, Holst (the Planets première in 1920 under Wood) and the second-generation modernist composers across the long inter-war period. The Promenade Concerts moved from the Queen's Hall on its destruction in the London Blitz of May 1941 to the Royal Albert Hall, where they have been held continuously since, were taken over by the BBC in 1927 (renaming them the BBC Promenade Concerts), and were retitled the BBC Proms in 1976.
He was knighted in 1911, was awarded the Companion of Honour in 1944, conducted Last Night of the Proms thirty-eight times across his fifty-year tenure, and produced four standard reference textbooks of conducting (Conductor's Library: The Gentle Art of Singing 1927-30, About Conducting 1945-published-posthumously). He died at Hitchin Hospital in Hertfordshire on the nineteenth of August 1944 in his seventy-sixth year, ten days into the fiftieth Promenade season, having conducted the season's first ten concerts. The Promenade Concerts continued under the BBC's institutional ownership for the next eighty years and today, as the BBC Proms, comprise the largest classical-music festival in the world: ninety-two concerts across eight weeks each summer at the Royal Albert Hall, Cadogan Hall and the Proms Park venues, attended in person by over three hundred thousand people and broadcast on BBC Radio 3 and BBC Television to an estimated forty million worldwide listeners-and-viewers. The Wood name in modern English music carries the weight of the first Proms season of August 1895.
Achievements
- ·Conducted the inaugural Promenade Concert at the Queen's Hall, Langham Place, tenth of August 1895
- ·Conducted the Promenade Concerts continuously for the next fifty summer seasons, 1895 to 1944
- ·Conducted the first English performances of works by Mahler, Sibelius, Strauss, Debussy, Ravel, Schoenberg, Bartók and Janáček
- ·Conducted the world première of Holst's The Planets, 1920
- ·Knighted, 1911; Companion of Honour, 1944
- ·Conducted Last Night of the Proms thirty-eight times, 1895 to 1944
- ·The BBC Proms today are the largest classical music festival in the world, ninety-two concerts across eight weeks each summer
Where this story lives
- Geography: London
- Family page: Wood
- Story: henry wood and the first prom