San Marino · Restored
Three Towers of San Marino
Torri di San Marino
The Three Towers of San Marino are three stone defensive towers standing on the three peaks of Monte Titano above the city of San Marino. The group, Guaita, Cesta and Montale, are linked by crenellated curtain walls and positioned on steep rocky crags, forming the emblematic skyline of the republic.
Its prime
1450
Today
Restored
As it stood in 1450
What Three Towers of San Marino looked like in its prime.
A compact cluster of light‑grey masonry towers and high crenellated curtain walls perched on three rocky summits of Monte Titano, each tower rising directly from sheer cliffs. The towers are mostly square in plan with machicolated and crenellated parapets and small terracotta tiled roof sections; one tower shows an arched bell/chamber opening. Stone stairways and a crenellated wall run along the cliff edge, with dense trees in the sheltered courtyards and the valley visible far below.
Its story
The story of Three Towers of San Marino.
The Guaita, Remade in the War with the Malatesta
Three towers hold the three peaks of Monte Titano above the capital, and the republic put them on both its flag and its coat of arms. The oldest is the Guaita, raised in the eleventh century and used for a short time as a prison. It was rebuilt more than once, and took the form it now has in the fifteenth century, during the war between San Marino and the House of Malatesta.
The Cesta on the Roman Fort
The Cesta occupies the highest of Monte Titano's summits, built in the thirteenth century on the remains of an older Roman fort. Since 1956 it has held a museum honouring Saint Marinus, with a collection of more than 1,550 weapons ranging from the medieval period to the modern day.
The Montale and Its Door Seven Metres Up
The Montale, on the smallest of the three summits, went up in the fourteenth century, and is thought to have been built as protection against the growing power of the Malatesta in the region. It too served as a prison, which explains its most telling feature: the only way in is a door set about seven metres above the ground, a common arrangement in prison building of the time. Alone of the three, it is not open to visitors.
Step inside
8 places to explore in 1450.
The record describes 8 distinct spots at Three Towers of San Marino, including 3 interiors: guaita courtyard and prison cell, cesta weapons chamber, montale prison interior. Create your own photoreal reconstruction and explore every one, more scenes means more rooms, more angles, and more of the place to stand in.
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